Boron deficiency-Banana

Symptoms
Boron deficiency symptoms start on the youngest leaves of the plant. Proceeding from their margins, the leaves become chlorotic and curled inwards. Later, the chlorotic zones turn necrotic dark brown. Parallel, white strips perpendicular to the veins can often be seen on the underside of the lamina. Malformation or complete absence of the lamina may occur with severe deficiency. The leaf surface may be wrinkled. Occasionally the plant habitus is stunted, with leaf stalks emerging in a dense, fan-shaped way. Symptoms on fruit bunches range from bad quality to deformation, depending on degree of deficiency.

Reasons
Boron deficiency. Danger of confusion: Boron and calcium deficiency both lead to necrosis on the upper leaves. The colour of the necrosis is a lighter brown with Ca undersupply, and the necrosis then starts from the leaf tip, not from the leaf margin. Both nutrient deficiencies cause thickening of secondary veins, but it is more pronounced when Ca is lacking. Symptoms of B and Ca deficiency can easily be confused with virus diseases or herbicide damage as well. Leaf analysis is therefore recommended.

Symptoms
Boron deficiency symptoms start on the youngest leaves of the plant. Proceeding from their margins, the leaves become chlorotic and curled inwards. Later, the chlorotic zones turn necrotic dark brown. Parallel, white strips perpendicular to the veins can often be seen on the underside of the lamina. Malformation or complete absence of the lamina may occur with severe deficiency. The leaf surface may be wrinkled. Occasionally the plant habitus is stunted, with leaf stalks emerging in a dense, fan-shaped way. Symptoms on fruit bunches range from bad quality to deformation, depending on degree of deficiency.

Reasons
Boron deficiency. Danger of confusion: Boron and calcium deficiency both lead to necrosis on the upper leaves. The colour of the necrosis is a lighter brown with Ca undersupply, and the necrosis then starts from the leaf tip, not from the leaf margin. Both nutrient deficiencies cause thickening of secondary veins, but it is more pronounced when Ca is lacking. Symptoms of B and Ca deficiency can easily be confused with virus diseases or herbicide damage as well. Leaf analysis is therefore recommended.

Symptoms
Boron deficiency symptoms start on the youngest leaves of the plant. Proceeding from their margins, the leaves become chlorotic and curled inwards. Later, the chlorotic zones turn necrotic dark brown. Parallel, white strips perpendicular to the veins can often be seen on the underside of the lamina. Malformation or complete absence of the lamina may occur with severe deficiency. The leaf surface may be wrinkled. Occasionally the plant habitus is stunted, with leaf stalks emerging in a dense, fan-shaped way. Symptoms on fruit bunches range from bad quality to deformation, depending on degree of deficiency.

Reasons
Boron deficiency. Danger of confusion: Boron and calcium deficiency both lead to necrosis on the upper leaves. The colour of the necrosis is a lighter brown with Ca undersupply, and the necrosis then starts from the leaf tip, not from the leaf margin. Both nutrient deficiencies cause thickening of secondary veins, but it is more pronounced when Ca is lacking. Symptoms of B and Ca deficiency can easily be confused with virus diseases or herbicide damage as well. Leaf analysis is therefore recommended.

Symptoms
Boron deficiency symptoms start on the youngest leaves of the plant. Proceeding from their margins, the leaves become chlorotic and curled inwards. Later, the chlorotic zones turn necrotic dark brown. Parallel, white strips perpendicular to the veins can often be seen on the underside of the lamina. Malformation or complete absence of the lamina may occur with severe deficiency. The leaf surface may be wrinkled. Occasionally the plant habitus is stunted, with leaf stalks emerging in a dense, fan-shaped way. Symptoms on fruit bunches range from bad quality to deformation, depending on degree of deficiency.

Reasons
Boron deficiency. Danger of confusion: Boron and calcium deficiency both lead to necrosis on the upper leaves. The colour of the necrosis is a lighter brown with Ca undersupply, and the necrosis then starts from the leaf tip, not from the leaf margin. Both nutrient deficiencies cause thickening of secondary veins, but it is more pronounced when Ca is lacking. Symptoms of B and Ca deficiency can easily be confused with virus diseases or herbicide damage as well. Leaf analysis is therefore recommended.

Symptoms
Boron deficiency symptoms start on the youngest leaves of the plant. Proceeding from their margins, the leaves become chlorotic and curled inwards. Later, the chlorotic zones turn necrotic dark brown. Parallel, white strips perpendicular to the veins can often be seen on the underside of the lamina. Malformation or complete absence of the lamina may occur with severe deficiency. The leaf surface may be wrinkled. Occasionally the plant habitus is stunted, with leaf stalks emerging in a dense, fan-shaped way. Symptoms on fruit bunches range from bad quality to deformation, depending on degree of deficiency.

Reasons
Boron deficiency. Danger of confusion: Boron and calcium deficiency both lead to necrosis on the upper leaves. The colour of the necrosis is a lighter brown with Ca undersupply, and the necrosis then starts from the leaf tip, not from the leaf margin. Both nutrient deficiencies cause thickening of secondary veins, but it is more pronounced when Ca is lacking. Symptoms of B and Ca deficiency can easily be confused with virus diseases or herbicide damage as well. Leaf analysis is therefore recommended.

Symptoms
Boron deficiency symptoms start on the youngest leaves of the plant. Proceeding from their margins, the leaves become chlorotic and curled inwards. Later, the chlorotic zones turn necrotic dark brown. Parallel, white strips perpendicular to the veins can often be seen on the underside of the lamina. Malformation or complete absence of the lamina may occur with severe deficiency. The leaf surface may be wrinkled. Occasionally the plant habitus is stunted, with leaf stalks emerging in a dense, fan-shaped way ("arrepollamientpo"). Symptoms on fruit bunches range from bad quality to deformation, depending on degree of deficiency.

Reasons
Boron deficiency. Danger of confusion: Boron and calcium deficiency both lead to necrosis on the upper leaves. The colour of the necrosis is a lighter brown with Ca undersupply, and the necrosis then starts from the leaf tip, not from the leaf margin. Both nutrient deficiencies cause thickening of secondary veins, but it is more pronounced when Ca is lacking. Symptoms of B and Ca deficiency can easily be confused with virus diseases or herbicide damage as well. Leaf analysis is therefore recommended.

Symptoms
Boron deficiency symptoms start on the youngest leaves of the plant. Proceeding from their margins, the leaves become chlorotic and curled inwards. Later, the chlorotic zones turn necrotic dark brown. Parallel, white strips perpendicular to the veins can often be seen on the underside of the lamina. Malformation or complete absence of the lamina may occur with severe deficiency. The leaf surface may be wrinkled. Occasionally the plant habitus is stunted, with leaf stalks emerging in a dense, fan-shaped way. Symptoms on fruit bunches range from bad quality to deformation, depending on degree of deficiency.

Reasons
Boron deficiency. Danger of confusion: Boron and calcium deficiency both lead to necrosis on the upper leaves. The colour of the necrosis is a lighter brown with Ca undersupply, and the necrosis then starts from the leaf tip, not from the leaf margin. Both nutrient deficiencies cause thickening of secondary veins, but it is more pronounced when Ca is lacking. Symptoms of B and Ca deficiency can easily be confused with virus diseases or herbicide damage as well. Leaf analysis is therefore recommended.